Recent News
Click the links below to learn more about horseshoe crab current events!
A smuggle attempt on the governmentally protected horseshoe crabs was foiled in February, but the mastermind behind the scheme remains unknown.
Southeast Asian horseshoe crab populations are dramatically declining due to overharvesting and habitat degradation.
Hurricane Sandy destroyed more than 70-percent of the crab’s nesting grounds along Delaware Bay.
Works cited throughout the website:
Anderson, Lyall and Shuster, Carl. The American Horseshoe Crab: A History of Skeletal Structure: Clues to Relationships among Species. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Anderson, Lyall and Shuster, Carl. The American Horseshoe Crab: Throughout Geologic Time: Where Have They Lived? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Barber, SB and Itzkowitz, M. Crowding effects on hatching of Limulus embryos. American Zool. 1982; 22:879
Barlow, Robert and Powers, Maureen. The American Horseshoe Crab: Seeing at Night and Finding Mates: The Role of Vision. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Botton, ML and Shuster, CN. A contribution to the population biology of horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus in Delaware Bay. Estuaries. 1985; 8:363-352
Botton, Mark and Harrington, Brian. The American Horseshoe Crab: Synchronies in Migration: Shorebirds, Horseshoe Crabs, and Delaware Bay. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Botton et al. Overwintering by trilobite larvae of the horseshoe crab on a sandy beach of Delaware Bay. Marine Ecology Prog. Ser. 1992; 88:289-292
Botton ML, Loveland RE, Shuster C. The American Horseshoe Crab: Horseshoe Crab ConservationL A Coast-Wide Management Plan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Brockman, Jane. The American Horseshoe Crab: Nesting Behavior: A Shoreline Phenomenon. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Brockman, Jane. The American Horseshoe Crab: Male Competition and Satellite Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Ecological Research & Development Group (ERDG): The Horseshoe Crab. c2002-2009. Dover, DE. http://horseshoecrab.org/
Hartline, HK and Graham, CH. Nerve impulses from single photoreceptors in the eye of Limulus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1932; 20
Hochstein HD, Levin J, Novitsky TJ. The American Horseshoe Crab: Clotting Cells and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate: An Amazing Analytical Tool. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Laughlin, R. The effects of temperature and salinity on larval growth of the horseshoe crab. Biological Bulletin. 1983; 164:93-103
National Park Service (NPS): Fire Island National Seashore Horseshoe Crab. c2013. http://www.nps.gov/fiis/naturescience/horseshoe-crabs.htm
Pechenik, JA. Biology of the Invertebrates, sixth edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2010.
Penn D and Brockman, HJ. Nest-site selection in the horseshoe crab. Biological Bulletin. 1994; 187:373-384
Rudloe, A. Locomotor and light responses of larvae of the horseshoe crab. Biological Bulletin. 1979; 157:494-505
Sargent, William. Crab Wars: A Tale of Horseshoe Crabs, Bioterrorism, and Human Health. Hanover And London: University Press Of New England, 2002.
Sekiguchi, Koichi and Shuster, Carl. The American Horseshoe Crab: Growing Up Takes about Ten Years and Eighteen Stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Shuster, C. Egg-laying activities of the American horseshoe crab. 1993; unpub.ms.
Shuster CN, Barlow RB, Brockman JH, editors. The American Horseshoe Crab. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Vosatka, ED. Observations on the swimming, righting, and burrowing movements of young horseshoe crabs. Ohio J. Sci. 1970; 70:276-283
Anderson, Lyall and Shuster, Carl. The American Horseshoe Crab: Throughout Geologic Time: Where Have They Lived? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Barber, SB and Itzkowitz, M. Crowding effects on hatching of Limulus embryos. American Zool. 1982; 22:879
Barlow, Robert and Powers, Maureen. The American Horseshoe Crab: Seeing at Night and Finding Mates: The Role of Vision. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Botton, ML and Shuster, CN. A contribution to the population biology of horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus in Delaware Bay. Estuaries. 1985; 8:363-352
Botton, Mark and Harrington, Brian. The American Horseshoe Crab: Synchronies in Migration: Shorebirds, Horseshoe Crabs, and Delaware Bay. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Botton et al. Overwintering by trilobite larvae of the horseshoe crab on a sandy beach of Delaware Bay. Marine Ecology Prog. Ser. 1992; 88:289-292
Botton ML, Loveland RE, Shuster C. The American Horseshoe Crab: Horseshoe Crab ConservationL A Coast-Wide Management Plan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Brockman, Jane. The American Horseshoe Crab: Nesting Behavior: A Shoreline Phenomenon. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Brockman, Jane. The American Horseshoe Crab: Male Competition and Satellite Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Ecological Research & Development Group (ERDG): The Horseshoe Crab. c2002-2009. Dover, DE. http://horseshoecrab.org/
Hartline, HK and Graham, CH. Nerve impulses from single photoreceptors in the eye of Limulus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1932; 20
Hochstein HD, Levin J, Novitsky TJ. The American Horseshoe Crab: Clotting Cells and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate: An Amazing Analytical Tool. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Laughlin, R. The effects of temperature and salinity on larval growth of the horseshoe crab. Biological Bulletin. 1983; 164:93-103
National Park Service (NPS): Fire Island National Seashore Horseshoe Crab. c2013. http://www.nps.gov/fiis/naturescience/horseshoe-crabs.htm
Pechenik, JA. Biology of the Invertebrates, sixth edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2010.
Penn D and Brockman, HJ. Nest-site selection in the horseshoe crab. Biological Bulletin. 1994; 187:373-384
Rudloe, A. Locomotor and light responses of larvae of the horseshoe crab. Biological Bulletin. 1979; 157:494-505
Sargent, William. Crab Wars: A Tale of Horseshoe Crabs, Bioterrorism, and Human Health. Hanover And London: University Press Of New England, 2002.
Sekiguchi, Koichi and Shuster, Carl. The American Horseshoe Crab: Growing Up Takes about Ten Years and Eighteen Stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Shuster, C. Egg-laying activities of the American horseshoe crab. 1993; unpub.ms.
Shuster CN, Barlow RB, Brockman JH, editors. The American Horseshoe Crab. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Vosatka, ED. Observations on the swimming, righting, and burrowing movements of young horseshoe crabs. Ohio J. Sci. 1970; 70:276-283